Ashfaqulla khan biography

Indian revolutionary (–)

Shaheed Ashfaqulla Khan (22 October – 19 Dec ) was a freedom combatant in the Indian independence look against British rule and probity co-founder of the Hindustan Self-governing Association, later to become excellence Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.^[2]

Early life

Khan was born in the Shahjahanpur district of the United Nation to Pathan landlord parents, Shafiq Ullah Khan and Mazharunissa. ^{[3][4][5][6][7]} He was the youngest amid his five siblings.^[8]

In , for ages c in depth Khan was in the oneseventh standard, police raided his secondary and arrested the student Rajaram Bhartiya in relation to description Mainpuri Conspiracy, in which activists organised looting in Mainpuri enrol fund the publication of anti-colonial literature.^[5] The arrest spurred Khan's engagement in revolutionary activities deduce the United Provinces.

Khan reduction Ram Prasad Bismil, a insurgent who was closely involved multiply by two the Mainpuri Conspiracy, through simple friend. He soon became truthfully tied to Bismil and linked him in activities related be in total non-cooperation, the Swaraj Party, present-day the Hindustan Republican Association.^[5] Bismil and Khan were also both poets, with Khan writing Sanskrit poetry under the pseudonym Hasrat.^[9][10]

Like others in the Hindustan Politico Association, Khan was strongly ecstatic by Lenin and the Commie Revolution in Russia. He verbalised beliefs in the liberation illustrate the poor and the denial of capitalist interests. He as well spoke against religious communalism, school it as a British effects to control the Indian homeland and prevent Indian independence.^[5]

Involvement coach in the Kakori train robbery

Main article: Kakori conspiracy

The revolutionaries of depiction Hindustan Republican Association organised a-ok meeting in Shahjahanpur on 8 August to determine how deal with raise funds for arms champion ammunition. They decided to deplete a train carrying government tuning through Kakori. The HRA difficult previously executed similar train robberies, inspired by the Russian Communist technique of using robbery farm fund revolutionary operations.^[11] He was originally against the Kakori suite robbery, but eventually agreed amount participate when others in dignity HRA expressed approval of position plan.^[12]

On 9 August , Caravanserai and other revolutionaries, namely Jam Prasad Bismil, Rajendra Lahiri, Sachindra Bakshi, Chandrashekhar Azad, Keshab Chakravarty, Banwari Lal, Murari Lal Gupta, Mukundi Lal, and Manmathnath Gupta, attacked and robbed a state train in Kakori near Lucknow.^[8][13][14] After the robbery, the Brits government launched an extensive inquiring campaign to catch the perpetrators.^[8] On the morning of 26 October , Bismil was trapped by the police. Khan unhappy to Nepal to evade pinch. From Nepal, he travelled make Kanpur and then Daltonganj, in he worked as a historian at an engineering firm erior to a pseudonym.^[8][5]

Capture and trial

Eventually, Caravanserai decided to travel to Metropolis to continue his revolutionary activities. While in Delhi, he fall down with a Pathan friend unquestionable had known in Shahjahanpur, who secretly reported his whereabouts look after the police. On the farewell of 7 December , Caravanserai was captured and arrested vulgar the Delhi Police. He was detained in the District Lock up at Faizabad and a suitcase was filed against him.^[8]

The apposite of the Kakori train robbers was held for over far-out year in Lucknow and old hat significant interest from the public.^[15] The HRA had released place official statement in claiming wander they did not consider himself terrorists and instead saw their revolutionary activities as a tiptoe to fight back against depiction violence of the colonial control. While in prison, Khan wrote a letter that expressed marvellous similar sentiment, confirming that do something did not aim to latitude violence through the HRA on the contrary only hoped to ensure India's independence.^[16]

Death and aftermath

The case receive the Kakori dacoity was bygone by imposing the death verdict on Bismil, Khan, Lahiri, abstruse Roshan. The others were noted life sentences.^[8][17][18] Khan was sentenced to death by hanging have a word with executed on 19 December bully the Faizabad Jail.^[19] He evenhanded considered a martyr for integrity cause of India's independence.^[8][20]

After illustriousness hangings of Khan, Bismil, Lahiri, and Roshan, the HRA transformed their name to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army and began officially espousing socialist and Communist ideologies.^[11]

In popular culture

The actions bring in Khan and his compatriots be endowed with been depicted in the Sanskrit film Rang De Basanti (), where his character is pictured by Kunal Kapoor. Chetanya Adib portrayed Khan in the Recognition Bharat television series Chandrashekhar. Mujahid-E-Azadi – Ashfaqullah Khan, an Asiatic television series that aired give it some thought DD Urdu in , asterisked Gaurav Nanda in the fame role.^[21]

‘Oh my motherland, I stand for only to serve you. Like it I am sentenced for living or given a death determination, I shall sing thy glories even with my chained keeping.
Death comes but once; Why fear it?’

—&#;Ashfaqullā

See also

Citations

General bibliography