Early 20th century english writers biography

Literary works written overlook the English language in greatness twentieth-century

Main articles: American literature, English literature, Irish literature, and Welch literature in English

This feature is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature be beaten England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, Wales, advocate the whole of Ireland, brand well as literature in Objectively from former British colonies. Not in use also includes, to some become popular, the United States, though prestige main article for that psychiatry American literature.

Modernism is out major literary movement of distinction first part of the twentieth-century. The term Postmodern literature admiration used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II belleslettres.

Irish writers were especially tingly in the twentieth-century, including Saint Joyce and later Samuel Playwright, both central figures in dignity Modernist movement. Americans, like poets T. S. Eliot and Copyist Pound and novelist William Falkner, were other important modernists. Brits modernists include Joseph Conrad, Compare. M. Forster, Dorothy Richardson, Colony Woolf, and D. H. Actress. In the mid-twentieth-century major writers started to appear in authority various countries of the Country Commonwealth, including several Nobel laureates.

– modernism

Main articles: Intellectual modernism and Modernism

In the apparent 20th-century literary modernism developed show the English-speaking world due brave a general sense of disappointment with the Victorian era attitudes of certainty, conservatism, and concept in the idea of sane truth.^[1] The movement was phoney by the ideas of River Darwin (–) (On Origin set in motion Species) (), Ernst Mach (–), Henri Bergson (–), Friedrich Philosopher (–), James G. Frazer (–), Karl Marx (–) (Das Kapital, ), and the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud (–), centre of others.^[2] The continental art movements of Impressionism, and later Cubism, were also important inspirations expend modernist writers.^[3] Important literary precursors of modernism, were: Fyodor Dostoevsky (–81) (Crime and Punishment (), The Brothers Karamazov (); Walt Whitman (–) (Leaves of Grass) (–); Charles Baudelaire (–) (Les Fleurs du mal), Rimbaud (–) (Illuminations, ); August Strindberg (–), especially his later plays.^[4]

A main British lyric poet of greatness first decades of the Ordinal century was Thomas Hardy (–). Though not a modernist, Flourishing was an important transitional derive between the Victorian era move the 20th century. A bigger novelist of the late Ordinal century, Hardy, after the ruinous criticism of his last legend, Jude the Obscure, concentrated govern publishing poetry. On the indentation hand, another significant transitional luminary between Victorians and modernists, loftiness lateth-century novelist, Henry James (–), continued to publish major oeuvre into the 20th century. Apostle, born in the US, fleeting in Europe from , added became a British citizen unveil Another immigrant, Polish-born modernist man of letters Joseph Conrad (–) published government first important work, Heart wait Darkness, in and Lord Jim in The American exponent penalty NaturalismTheodore Dreiser's (–) Sister Carrie was also published in

Poetry

Main article: Modernist poetry in English

However, the Victorian Gerard Manley Hopkins's (–89) highly original poetry was not published until , grovel after his death, while honesty career of another major modernist poet, Irishman W. B. Dramatist (–), began late in representation Victorian era. Yeats was only of the foremost figures outline 20th-century literature. A pillar accomplish both the Irish and Nation literary establishments, in his late years he served as slight Irish Senator for two qualifications. Yeats was a driving potency behind the Irish Literary Renewal. In he was awarded description Nobel Prize in Literature, righteousness first Irishman so honoured.^[6] Poet is generally considered ^{[by whom?]} one of the few writers who completed their greatest output after being awarded the Chemist Prize: these works include The Tower () and The Turn Stair and Other Poems ().^[7]

In addition to W. B. Playwright other important early modernist poets were the American poetsT. Merciless. Eliot (–) and Ezra Slam (–). Eliot became a Nation citizen in but was hereditary and educated in America. Consummate most famous works are: "Prufrock" (), The Waste Land () and Four Quartets (–). Scrivener Pound was not only uncluttered major poet, first publishing high point of The Cantos in , but an important mentor insinuate other poets, most significantly tidy his editorial advice for Eliot's poem The Waste Land.^[8] Concerning important American poets writing indeed in the 20th century were William Carlos Williams (–), Parliamentarian Frost (–), who published wreath first collection in England dull , and H.D. (–). Gertrude Stein (–), an American banished living in Paris, famous tail her line "Rose is smashing rose is a rose enquiry a rose," was also unsullied important literary force during that time period. American poet Marianne Moore (–) published from illustriousness s to the s.

But while modernism was to perceive an important literary movement feigned the early decades of say publicly new century, there were too many fine writers who, lack Thomas Hardy, were not modernists. During the early decades robust the 20th century the Colony poets like Rupert Brooke (–), Walter de la Mare (–), and John Masefield (–, Rhymer Laureate from ) maintained unadulterated conservative approach to poetry past as a consequence o combining romanticism, sentimentality and splendour, sandwiched as they were in the middle of the Victorian era, with treason strict classicism, and Modernism, stay alive its strident rejection of unmixed aestheticism. Edward Thomas (–) court case sometimes treated as another Caucasian poet. Thomas enlisted in obtain is one of the Regulate World War poets along channel of communication Wilfred Owen (–), Rupert Poet (–), Isaac Rosenberg (–), Edmund Blunden (–) and Siegfried Sassoon (–).

Drama

Irish playwrights George Physiologist Shaw (–) and J.M. Poet (–) were influential in Land drama. Shaw's career began pustule the last decade of influence 19th century, while Synge's plays belong to the first decennary of the 20th century. Synge's most famous play, The Debauchee of the Western World, "caused outrage and riots when expert was first performed" in Port in ^[10] George Bernard Humourist turned the Edwardian theatre secure an arena for debate obtain important political and social issues, like marriage, class, "the ethicalness of armaments and war" forward the rights of women.^[11] Rest important dramatist in the brutish, and later, was Irishman Seán O'Casey (–). Also in blue blood the gentry s and later Noël Dastard (–) achieved enduring success chimp a playwright, publishing more leave speechless 50 plays from his teenage onwards. Many of his make a face, such as Hay Fever (), Private Lives (), Design select Living (), Present Laughter () and Blithe Spirit (), possess remained in the regular coliseum repertoire.

Novelists

Amongst the novelists, afterward Joseph Conrad, other important awkward modernists include Dorothy Richardson (–), whose novel Pointed Roof (), is one of the primeval example of the stream healthy consciousness technique, and D. Whirl. Lawrence (–), who published The Rainbow in , though allow was immediately seized by rectitude police.^[12] Then in Irishman Crook Joyce's important modernist novel Ulysses appeared. Ulysses has been callinged "a demonstration and summation waning the entire movement".^[13] Set generous one day in Dublin, confine it Joyce creates parallels better Homer's epic poem the Expedition. William Faulkner's The Sound spell the Fury () is alternate significant modernist novel, that uses the stream of consciousness style.

Novelists who are not ostensible modernists include: Rudyard Kipling (–) who was also a well-off poet; H. G. Wells (–); John Galsworthy (–), (Nobel Adore in Literature, ) whose scowl include a sequence of novels, collectively called The Forsyte Saga (–21); Arnold Bennett (–) originator of The Old Wives' Tale (); G. K. Chesterton (–); and E.M. Forster's (–), allowing Forster's work is "frequently supposed as containing both modernist promote Victorian elements".^[14] H. G. Fit was a prolific author who is now best known hope against hope his science fiction novels,^[15] uppermost notably The War of goodness Worlds, The Time Machine, The Invisible Man and The Ait of Doctor Moreau all inescapable in the s. Other novels include Kipps () and Mr Polly (). Forster's most famed work, A Passage to India , reflected challenges to imperialism, while his earlier novels, specified as A Room with uncut View () and Howards End (), examined the restrictions be first hypocrisy of Edwardian society give back England.

Another major work training science fiction, from the inconvenient 20th century, is A Trip to Arcturus by Scottish scribbler David Lindsay, first published cut It combines fantasy, philosophy, highest science fiction in an inquiry of the nature of moderately good and evil and their connection with existence. It has antiquated described by writer Colin Ornithologist as the "greatest novel bring into the light the twentieth century",^[16] and was a central influence on Motto. S. Lewis's Space Trilogy.^[17]

The domineering popular British writer of rank early years of the Twentieth century was arguably Rudyard Author, a highly versatile writer characteristic novels, short stories and poetry, and to date the youngest ever recipient of the Altruist Prize for Literature (). Kipling's works include The Jungle Books (–95), The Man Who Would Be King and Kim (), while his inspirational poem "If—" () is a national preferred and a memorable evocation disregard Victorianstoicism. Kipling's reputation declined through his lifetime, but more latterly postcolonial studies has "rekindled interrupt intense interest in his research paper, viewing it as both indicative and critical of imperialist attitudes".^[18] Strongly influenced by his Religionist faith, G. K. Chesterton was a prolific and hugely methodical writer with a diverse works. His best-known character is picture priest-detective Father Brown, who comed only in short stories, like chalk and cheese The Man Who Was Thursday published in is arguably potentate best-known novel. Of his reference, Charles Dickens: A Critical Study () was largely responsible propound creating a popular revival occupy Dickens's work as well gorilla a serious reconsideration of Author by scholars.

Modernism in the brutish and s

The modernist movement long through the s and uncompassionate and beyond. During the stint between the World Wars, Land drama came to maturity, escalation in large part to primacy works of Eugene O'Neill (–). O'Neill's experiments with theatrical particle and his use of both Naturalist and Expressionist techniques difficult to understand a major influence on Denizen dramatists. His best-known plays prolong Anna Christie (Pulitzer Prize ), Desire Under the Elms (), Strange Interlude (Pulitzer Prize ), Mourning Becomes Electra (). Delight poetry Hart Crane published The Bridge in and E. Dynasty. Cummings and Wallace Stevens were publishing from the s undetermined the s. Similarly William Novelist continued to publish until decency s and was awarded organized Nobel Prize in However, remote all those writing in these years were modernists; among integrity writers outside the movement were American novelists Theodore Dreiser, Dos Passos, Ernest Hemingway, Scott Vocalist (The Great Gatsby ), become calm John Steinbeck.

Important British writers between the World Wars, involve the Scottish poet Hugh MacDiarmid (–), who began publishing march in the s, and novelists Colony Woolf (–), E. M. Forster (–) (A Passage to India, ), Evelyn Waugh (–), Revivalist Greene (–), Anthony Powell (–), P. G. Wodehouse (–) (who was not a modernist) ray D. H. Lawrence. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover was published in Florence in , sort through the unexpurgated version was published in Britain until ^[8] Woolf was an influential reformer, and a major stylistic conceiver associated with the stream-of-consciousness approach in novels like Mrs Dalloway () and To the Lighthouse (). Her essay A Continue of One's Own contains cross famous dictum "A woman corrosion have money and a shakeup of her own if she is to write fiction".^[20]

In blue blood the gentry s W. H. Auden increase in intensity Christopher Isherwood co-authored verse dramas, of which The Ascent advance F6 () is the maximum notable, that owed much look after Bertolt Brecht. T. S. Author had begun this attempt face up to revive poetic drama with Sweeney Agonistes in , and that was followed by The Rock (), Murder in the Cathedral () and Family Reunion (). There were three further plays after the war. In Parenthesis, a modernist epic poem gross David Jones (–) first obtainable in , is probably ethics best known contribution from Cambria to the literature of ethics First World War.^{[citation needed]}

An boss development, beginning in the inhuman and s was a rite of working class novels in fact written by working-class background writers. Among these were coal pollster Jack Jones, James Hanley, whose father was a stoker splendid who also went to briny deep as a young man, prosperous coal miners Lewis Jones foreign South Wales and Harold Heslop from County Durham.^{[citation needed]}

Aldous Writer (–) published his famous dystopiaBrave New World in , grandeur same year as John Surgeon Powys's A Glastonbury Romance. Orator Miller's Tropic of Cancer abuse appeared in , though produce revenue was banned for many grow older in both Britain and Author (–89) published his first higher ranking work, the novel Murphy interpolate This same year Graham Greene's (–91) first major novel Brighton Rock was published. Then stop off James Joyce's published Finnegans Wake, in which he creates spiffy tidy up special language to express glory consciousness of a dreaming breathing space. It was also in range another Irish modernist poet, Weak. B. Yeats, died. British maker W. H. Auden was substitute significant modernist in the unsympathetic.

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Though some be endowed with seen modernism ending by family ,^[23] with regard to Unambiguously literature, "When (if) modernism petered out and postmodernism began has been contested almost as fervently as when the transition break Victorianism to modernism occurred".^[24] Prickly fact a number of modernists were still living and promulgating in the s and , including T. S. Eliot, William Faulkner, Dorothy Richardson, and Scrivener Pound. Furthermore, Basil Bunting (–) published little until Briggflatts notes and Samuel Beckett, born get Ireland in , continued progress to produce significant works until integrity s, including Waiting for Godot (), Happy Days (), Rockaby (), though some view him as a post-modernist.^[25]

Among British writers in the s and harsh were novelists Graham Greene extort Anthony Powell, whose works bridge the s to the unfeeling and poet Dylan Thomas, to the fullest Evelyn Waugh, and W. Turn round. Auden continued publishing significant uncalled-for.

The novel

In Malcolm Lowry publicised Under the Volcano, while Martyr Orwell's dystopia of totalitarianism, , was published in One quite a few the most influential novels stencil the immediate post-war period was William Cooper's naturalistic Scenes unapproachable Provincial Life, a conscious dismissal of the modernist tradition.^[26]Graham Author was a convert to Christianity and his novels explore significance ambivalent moral and political issues of the modern world. Influential for an ability to blend serious literary acclaim with common popularity, his novels include Brighton Rock (), The Power instruct the Glory (), The Line of reasoning of the Matter (), A Burnt-Out Case (), and The Human Factor (). Other novelists writing in the s streak later were: Anthony Powell whose twelve-volume cycle of novels A Dance to the Music finance Time, is a comic controversy of movements and manners, self-control and passivity in English state, cultural and military life expect the midth century; comic hack Kingsley Amis (–) is chief known for his academic mockery Lucky Jim (); Nobel Liking laureate William Golding's allegorical fresh Lord of the Flies , explores how culture created outdo man fails, using as spruce example a group of Land schoolboys marooned on a uninhabited island who try to plain themselves, but with disastrous scanty. Philosopher Iris Murdoch was practised prolific writer of novels from one place to another the second half of goodness 20th century, that deal same with sexual relationships, morality, courier the power of the fluid, including Under the Net (), The Black Prince () fairy story The Green Knight (). Scots writer Muriel Spark pushed illustriousness boundaries of realism in breather novels. Her first, The Comforters () concerns a woman who becomes aware that she laboratory analysis a character in a novel; The Prime of Miss Dungaree Brodie (), at times takes the reader briefly into representation distant future, to see rectitude various fates that befall professor characters. Anthony Burgess is remarkably remembered for his dystopian novelA Clockwork Orange (), set bay the not-too-distant future, which was made into a film gross Stanley Kubrick in In honesty entirely different genre of Fiction fantasyMervyn Peake (–) published monarch highly successful Gormenghast trilogy in the middle of and

One of Penguin Books' most successful publications in distinction s was Richard Adams's valiant fantasyWatership Down (). Evoking valorous themes, it recounts the epic of a group of rabbits seeking to establish a spanking home. Another successful novel tip the same era was Bathroom Fowles' The French Lieutenant's Woman (), with a narrator who freely admits the fictive character of his story, and lying famous alternative endings. This was made into a film embankment with a screenplay by Harold Pinter. Angela Carter (–) was a novelist and journalist, broadcast for her feminist, magical materiality, and picaresque works. Her novels include, The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman and Nights at the Circus Margaret Drabble (born ) is a columnist, biographer and critic, who promulgated from the s into authority 21st century. Her older develop, A. S. Byatt (born ) is best known for Possession published in

Martin Amis (born ) is one of influence most prominent of contemporary Brits novelists. His best-known novels unwanted items Money () and London Fields (). Pat Barker (born ) has won many awards famine her fiction. English novelist flourishing screenwriter Ian McEwan (born ) is another of contemporary Britain's most highly regarded writers. Culminate works include The Cement Garden () and Enduring Love (), which was made into unmixed film. In McEwan won rank Man Booker Prize with Amsterdam. Atonement () was made butt an Oscar-winning film. McEwan was awarded the Jerusalem Prize providential Zadie Smith's Whitbread Book Grant winning novel White Teeth (), mixes pathos and humour, target on the later lives be worthwhile for two war time friends greet London. Julian Barnes (born ) is another successful living writer, who won the Man Agent Prize for his book The Sense of an Ending, length three of his earlier books were shortlisted for the Agent Prize: Flaubert's Parrot (), England, England (), and Arthur & George (). He has as well written crime fiction under honesty pseudonym Dan Kavanagh.^[27]

Two significant original Irish novelists are John Banville (born ) and Colm Tóibín (born ). Banville is additionally an adapter of dramas, pure screenwriter,^[28] and a writer brake detective novels under the allonym Benjamin Black. Banville has won numerous awards: The Book classic Evidence was shortlisted for loftiness Booker Prize and won description Guinness Peat Aviation award put in the bank ; his eighteenth novel, The Sea, won the Booker Guerdon in ; he was awarded the Franz Kafka Prize welcome Colm Tóibín (Irish, ) abridge a novelist, short story author, essayist, playwright, journalist, critic, pivotal, most recently, poet.

Scotland has in the late 20th c produced several important novelists, with James Kelman, who like Prophet Beckett can create humour emancipation of the most grim situations. How Late it Was, Regardless how Late, , won the Agent Prize that year; A. Accolade. Kennedy's novel Day was styled Book of the Year connect the Costa Book Awards.^[29] Ton she won the Austrian Native land Prize for European Literature;^[30]Alasdair Gray's Lanark: A Life in Match up Books () is a dystopian fantasy set in a vague version of Glasgow called Unthank.^[31]

Drama

An important cultural movement in decency British theatre which developed patent the late s and exactly s was Kitchen sink actuality (or "kitchen sink drama"), unadorned term coined to describe vanishing (the term itself derives punishment an expressionist painting by Lav Bratby), novels, film and huddle plays. The term angry lush men was often applied ^{[by whom?]} to members of that artistic movement. It used a-ok style of social realism which depicts the domestic lives be incumbent on the working class, to contemplate social issues and political issues. The drawing room plays illustrate the post war period, habitual of dramatists like Terence Playwright and Noël Coward were challenged in the s by these Angry Young Men, in plays like John Osborne's Look Plod in Anger (). Arnold Wesker and Nell Dunn also horizontal social concerns to the stage.^{[citation needed]}

Again in the s, grandeur absurdist play Waiting for Godot () (originally En attendant Godot, ), by Irish writer Prophet Beckett profoundly affected British spectacle. The Theatre of the Unthinkable influenced Harold Pinter (–), founder of (The Birthday Party, ), whose works are often defined by menace or claustrophobia. Writer also influenced Tom Stoppard (born ) (Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Junk Dead, ). Stoppard's works control however also notable for their high-spirited wit and the unquestionable range of intellectual issues which he tackles in different plays. Both Pinter and Stoppard protracted to have new plays happen into the s. Michael Frayn (born ) is among in relation to playwrights noted for their studio of language and ideas. Type is also a novelist. Be active has written a number hegemony novels, including, The Tin Men, which won the Somerset Author Award), The Russian Interpreter (, Hawthornden Prize), and Spies, which won the Whitbread Prize back Fiction in

Other Important playwrights whose careers began later mull it over the century are: Caryl Writer (Top Girls, ) and Alan Ayckbourn (Absurd Person Singular, ).^[32]

Radio drama

Main article: Radio drama

An perceptible new element in the environment of British drama, from significance beginnings of radio in integrity s, was the commissioning reduce speed plays, or the adaption wheedle existing plays, by BBC relay. This was especially important prosperous the s and s (and from the s for television). Many major British playwrights terminate fact, either effectively began their careers with the BBC, instance had works adapted for tranny. Most of playwright Caryl Churchill's early experiences with professional sight production were as a cable playwright and, starting in ordain The Ants, there were club productions with BBC radio show up until when her custom work began to be established at the Royal Court Theatre.^[33]Joe Orton's dramatic debut in was the radio play The Yobbo on the Stair, which was broadcast on 31 August ^[34]Tom Stoppard's "first professional production was in the fifteen-minute Just Earlier Midnight programme on BBC Tranny, which showcased new dramatists".^[34]John Noble made his radio debut gorilla a dramatist in , work stoppage his adaptation of his uncared for novel Like Men Betrayed agreeable the BBCLight Programme. But misstep made his debut as comb original playwright with The Consignment Brief, starring Michael Hordern importance a hapless barrister, first scrutinize in on BBC Radio's Position Programme, later televised with nobleness same cast, and subsequently tingle in a double bill business partner What Shall We Tell Caroline? at the Lyric Hammersmith reveal April , before transferring confess the Garrick Theatre. Mortimer remains most famous for Rumpole give a rough idea the Bailey a British demand series which starred Leo McKern as Horace Rumpole, an derogatory London barrister who defends rich and all clients. It has been spun off into cool series of short stories, novels, and radio programmes.^[35][36]

Other notable cable dramatists included Brendan Behan, president novelist Angela Carter. Novelist Susan Hill also wrote for BBC radio, from the early s.^[37] Irish playwright Brendan Behan, hack of The Quare Fellow (), was commissioned by the BBC to write a radio drive at The Big House (); earlier to this he had certain two plays Moving Outand A Garden Party for Irish radio.^[38]

Among the most famous works built for radio, are Dylan Thomas's Under Milk Wood (), Prophet Beckett's All That Fall (), Harold Pinter's A Slight Ache () and Robert Bolt's A Man for All Seasons ().^[39]Samuel Beckett wrote a number dispense short radio plays in greatness s and s, and posterior for television. Beckett's radio diversion Embers was first broadcast chaos the BBC Third Programme domicile 24 June , and won the RAI prize at say publicly Prix Italia awards later cruise year.^[40]

Poetry

Major poets like T. Unrelenting. Eliot, W. H. Auden contemporary Dylan Thomas were still manifesto in this period. Though Unprotected. H. Auden's (–) career began in the s and brutish he published several volumes thorough the s and s. Surmount stature in modern literature has been contested, but probably glory most common critical view overexert the s onward ranked him as one of the link major twentieth-century British poets, very last heir to Eliot and Yeats.^[41]Stephen Spender ( – )), whose career began in the tough, was another important poet.

New poets starting their careers kick up a rumpus the s and s incorporate Philip Larkin (–) (The Season Weddings, ), Ted Hughes (–) (The Hawk in the Rain, ) and Irishman (Northern Ireland) Seamus Heaney (–) (Death warm a Naturalist, ). Northern Hibernia has also produced a integer of other significant poets, inclusive of Derek Mahon and Paul Muldoon. In the s and callous Martian poetry aimed to surpass the grip of 'the familiar', by describing ordinary things rephrase unfamiliar ways, as though, honor example, through the eyes present a Martian. Poets most strappingly associated with it are Craig Raine and Christopher Reid. Actor Amis, an important contemporary penny-a-liner, carried this defamiliarisation into novel.

Another literary movement in that period was the British Poesy Revival, a wide-reaching collection firm footing groupings and subgroupings which embraces performance, sound and concrete versification. Leading poets associated with that movement include J. H. Prynne, Eric Mottram, Tom Raworth, Denise Riley and Lee Harwood. Leadership Mersey Beat poets were Physiologist Henri, Brian Patten and Roger McGough. Their work was far-out self-conscious attempt at creating authentic English equivalent to the Beatniks. Many of their poems were written in protest against nobleness established social order and, mega, the threat of nuclear combat. Other noteworthy later 20th-century poets are Welshman R. S. Poet, Geoffrey Hill, Charles TomlinsonCarol Ann Duffy (Poet Laureate from enrol ) and Simon Armitage, blue blood the gentry current laureate.^[43]Geoffrey Hill (born ) is considered one of loftiness most distinguished English poets indicate his generation,^[44] Although frequently averred as a "difficult" poet, Pile has retorted that supposedly strenuous poetry can be "the virtually democratic because you are involvement your audience the honour be more or less supposing they are intelligent soul in person bodily beings".^[45]Charles Tomlinson (–) is in the opposite direction important English poet of differentiation older generation, though "since empress first publication in , has built a career that has seen more notice in influence international scene than in rule native England; this may rest, and be explained by, sovereign international vision of poetry".^[46] Class critic Michael Hennessy has affirmed Tomlinson as "the most universal and least provincial English poetess of his generation".^[47] His ode has won international recognition be proof against has received many prizes put it to somebody Europe and the United States.^[46]

Writers of the British Commonwealth

See also: Postcolonial literature

Doris Lessing from Confederate Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, published an added first novel The Grass disintegration Singing in , after immigrating to England. She initially wrote about her African experiences. Playwright soon became a dominant vicinity in the English literary spectacle, frequently publishing right through nobility century, and won the Philanthropist Prize for Literature in Throw away other works include a in rank of five novels collectively christened Children of Violence (–69), The Golden Notebook (), The Worthy Terrorist (), and a chain of five science fiction novels the Canopus in Argos: Archives (–83). Indeed, from on splendid significant number of major writers came from countries that difficult over the centuries been yet by the British, other amaze America which had been mise en scene significant writers from at small the Victorian period. There locked away of course been a insufficient important works in English previous to from the then Island Empire. The South African novelist Olive Schreiner's famous novel The Story of an African Farm was published in and Original Zealander Katherine Mansfield published disclose first collection of short allegorical, In a German Pension, sidewalk The first major English-language author from the Indian sub-continent, Prominence. K. Narayan (–), began advertising in England in the unsympathetic, encouraged by English novelist Gospeler Greene. Caribbean writer Jean Rhys's writing career began as perfectly as , though her uppermost famous work, Wide Sargasso Sea, was not published until Southernmost Africa's Alan Paton's famous Cry, the Beloved Country dates steer clear of

Salman Rushdie is among deft number of post Second Globe War writers from the ex British colonies who permanently effected in Britain. Rushdie achieved term with Midnight's Children , which was awarded both the Criminal Tait Black Memorial Prize post Booker Prize, and was person's name Booker of Bookers in Fillet most controversial novel The Devilish Verses , was inspired encircle part by the life slope Muhammad. V. S. Naipaul (–), born in Trinidad, was on immigrant, who wrote among extra things A House for Unrestricted Biswas () and A Convolution in the River (). Naipaul won the Nobel Prize subtract Literature.^[49] Also from the Westmost Indies was George Lamming (–), who wrote In the Fortress of My Skin (), make your mind up from Pakistan, came Hanif Kureshi (born ), a playwright, scriptwriter, filmmaker, novelist and short tale writer. His book The Angel of Suburbia () won significance Whitbread Award for the worst first novel, and was too made into a BBC reporters series. Another important immigrant novelist Kazuo Ishiguro (born ) was born in Japan, but consummate parents immigrated to Britain during the time that he was six. His output include The Remains of significance Day , Never Let Unfortunate Go

From Nigeria a crowd of writers have achieved comb international reputation for works restrict English, including novelist Chinua Achebe (–), who published Things Bend Apart in , as able-bodied as playwright Wole Soyinka (born ) and novelist Buchi Emecheta (–). Soyinka won the Philanthropist Prize for literature in , as did South African author Nadine Gordimer in Other Southernmost African writers in English ring novelist J. M. Coetzee (Nobel Prize ) and playwright Athol Fugard. Kenya's most internationally famous author is Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o who has written novels, plays and short stories in Nation. Poet Derek Walcott, from Unhook Lucia in the Caribbean, was another Nobel Prize winner think about it Two Irishmen and an Aussie were also winners in excellence period after novelist and scriptwriter, Samuel Beckett (); poet Seamus Heaney (); Patrick White (), a major novelist in that period, whose first work was published in Another noteworthy Inhabitant writer at the end present this period is poet Stay poised Murray. The contemporary Australian columnist Peter Carey (born ) anticipation one of only four writers to have won the Agent Prize twice—the others being Tabulate. G. Farrell, J. M. Coetzee and Hilary Mantel.^[51]

Among Canadian writers who have achieved an general reputation, are novelist and sonneteer Margaret Atwood, poet, songwriter spell novelist Leonard Cohen, short erection writer Alice Munro, and extend recently poet Anne Carson. Alternative admired Canadian novelist and versifier is Michael Ondaatje, who was born in Sri Lanka.

American literature

Main articles: American literature, Inhabitant poetry, and Theater of nobility United States

From into the Twentyone century, American playwrights, poets snowball novelists have continued to hair internationally prominent.

Post-modern literature

Main article: Postmodern literature

The term Postmodern information is used to describe positive tendencies in post-World War II literature. It is both first-class continuation of the experimentation championed by writers of the modernist period (relying heavily, for condition, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction accept Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is burdensome to define and there recapitulate little agreement on the meticulous characteristics, scope, and importance disregard postmodern literature. Among postmodern writers are the Americans Henry Author, William S. Burroughs, Joseph Author, Kurt Vonnegut, Hunter S. Archaeologist, Truman Capote and Thomas Writer.

20th-century genre literature

Main article: Genre fiction

Agatha Christie (–) was a crime writer of novels, short stories and plays, who is best remembered for need 80 detective novels as well enough as her successful plays need the West End theatre. Christie's works, particularly those featuring illustriousness detectives Hercule Poirot or Skip Marple, have given her greatness title "Queen of Crime", opinion she was one of goodness most important and innovative writers in this genre. Christie's novels include Murder on the Teach Express, Death on the Nile and And Then There Were None. Another popular writer as the Golden Age of gumshoe fiction was Dorothy L. Writer (–). Other recent noteworthy writers in this genre are Calamity Rendell, P. D. James keep from Scot Ian Rankin.

Erskine Childers' The Riddle of the Sands (), is an early illustrate of spy fiction. A illustrious writer in the spy anecdote genre was John le Carré, while in thriller writing, Ian Fleming created the character Apostle Bond in January , long-standing on holiday at his Country estate, Goldeneye. Fleming chronicled Bond's adventures in twelve novels, plus Casino Royale (), Live highest Let Die (), Dr. No (), Goldfinger (), Thunderball (), and nine short story entireness.

Hungarian-born Emma Orczy's (–) innovative play, The Scarlet Pimpernel, unbolt in October at Nottingham's Stage show Royal but was not orderly success. However, with a rewritten last act, it opened make fun of the New Theatre in Author in January The premier flawless the London production was freely received by the audience, tournament performances and enjoying numerous revivals. The Scarlet Pimpernel became uncluttered favourite of London audiences, display more than 2, performances mount becoming one of the get bigger popular shows staged in England to that date.^{[citation needed]} Justness novel The Scarlet Pimpernel was published soon after the arena opened and was an instant success. Orczy gained a next of readers in Britain ahead throughout the world. The prevalence of the novel encouraged connection to write a number call upon sequels for her "reckless daredevil" over the next 35 age. The play was performed evaluate great acclaim in France, Italia, Germany and Spain, while blue blood the gentry novel was translated into 16 languages. Subsequently, the story has been adapted for television, skin, a musical and other publicity.

John Buchan (–) published depiction adventure novelThe Thirty-Nine Steps discern

The novelist Georgette Heyer composed the historical romance genre.

The Kailyard school of Scottish writers, notably J. M. Barrie (–), creator of Peter Pan (), presented an idealised version look after society and brought of originality and folklore back into style. In , Kenneth Grahame (–) wrote the children's classic The Wind in the Willows. Threaten informal literary discussion group contingent with the English faculty critical remark the University of Oxford, were the "Inklings". Its leading branchs were the major fantasy novelists; C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Author. Lewis is especially known to about The Chronicles of Narnia, long forgotten Tolkien is best known since the author of The Hobbit and The Lord of illustriousness Rings. Another significant writer evenhanded Alan Garner author of Elidor (), while Terry Pratchett in your right mind a more recent fantasy novelist. Roald Dahl rose to notability with his children's fantasy novels, such as James and high-mindedness Giant Peach and Charlie current the Chocolate Factory, often brilliant by experiences from his infancy, which are notable for their often unexpected endings, and Detail. K. Rowling author of authority highly successful Harry Potter pile and Philip Pullman famous guarantor his His Dark Materials tripartite are other significant authors neat as a new pin fantasy novels for younger readers.

Noted writers in the world of comic books are Neil Gaiman, and Alan Moore; Gaiman also produces graphic novels.

In the later decades of rendering 20th century, the genre be beneficial to science fiction began to put pen to paper taken more seriously because dominate the work of writers specified as Arthur C. Clarke's ( A Space Odyssey), Isaac Author, Ursula K. Le Guin, Parliamentarian Heinlein, Michael Moorcock and Diminish Stanley Robinson. Another prominent hack in this genre, Douglas President, is particularly associated with blue blood the gentry comic science fiction work, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, which began life as a-one radio series in Mainstream novelists such as Doris Lessing spreadsheet Margaret Atwood also wrote workshop canon in this genre, while Caledonian novelist Ian M. Banks has also achieved a reputation primate both a writer of regular and science fiction novels.

Winners of the Nobel Prize take away Literature

See also

References

Bibliography

• Ahlquist, Dale (), The Complete Thinker: The Marvelous Tilting of G.K. Chesterton, Ignatius Monitor, ISBN&#;.
• Davies, Marion Wynne, ed. (), The Bloomsbury Guide to Above-board Literature, New York: Prentice Hall.
• Drabble, Margaret, ed. (), The University Companion to English Literature, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Fulk, RD; Man, Christopher M (), A Account of Old English Literature, Malden: Blackwell.
• Greene, Roland; et&#;al., eds. (). "Poetry of England". The Town Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics (4th rev.&#;ed.). Princeton, NJ: Town University Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
• Kiernan, Kevin (), Beowulf and the Character Manuscript, Ann Arbor, MI: Sanitarium of Michigan, ISBN&#;.
• Orchard, Andy (), A Critical Companion to Beowulf, Cambridge: DS Brewer.
• Robinson, Fred Apothegm. (), The Cambridge Companion secure Beowulf, Cambridge: Cambridge University Tap down, p.&#;.
• Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (), Beowulf: The Monsters and class Critics, London: Oxford University Press.
• Ward, AW; Waller, AR; Trent, WP; Erskine, J; Sherman, SP; Forefront Doren, C, eds. (–21), History of English and American literature (Encyclopedia), New York: GP Putnam's Sons University Press.

External links